Pure Quality Rheum Rhabarbarum - Rhubarb Roots

• Type: Dehydrated Vegetable
• Transport Package: 25kg/Carton, Innerbag: 5kg/Bag
• Specification: 280, 350, 550Grain/500g
• Trademark: NatureChoice
• Origin: Ningxi, Neimeng, Xinjiang, China
• Model NO.: Chinese herb
• HS Code: 1211902400
• Production Capacity: 50000kg/Year

Product Description

Product Description

Rhubarb is a very common herb. The efficacy and effects of rhubarb are outstanding. Rhubarb has strong anti-infective effects, anti-aging antioxidant effects, ability to regulate immunity, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-pathogenic microbial effects, hypolipidemic, hemostatic, anti-gastric and duodenal ulcers, promotes pancreatic secretion, inhibits pancreatic enzyme activity, biliary, hepatoprotective, and laxative effects.

 

Function

Effects on digestive system

(1) Inducing diarrhea. Rhubarb decoction has a significant laxative effect, and this effect is influenced by temperature and time. The laxative effect is not affected by the hot water leachate, under acid or alkaline conditions, or by concentration at 50°C under reduced pressure. The laxative effect is only 1/3 of the original leachate when concentrated under normal pressure in a boiling water bath, and the laxative effect decreases with the extension of heating time. There are about 20 laxative components of rhubarb, including anthraquinones, dianthrone and their glycosides, and the main laxative component is the dianthrone compound, sennosides. The laxative activity of sennosides A, B, C, D, E and F is similar; the action of anthraquinone 8-glucose rhubarb acid is also stronger; anthraquinones 8-glucose rhubarbin, rhubarbin, rhubarbic acid and 8-glucose rhubarbic acid are weaker; and rhubarbol, rhubarbin and rhubarbin methyl ether have almost no laxative activity. In conclusion, the action of anthrone or anthraquinone is stronger, among which the action of dianthrone - sennoside is the strongest. The laxative mechanism is that the active ingredients of rhubarb are metabolized by bacteria in the digestive tract into biologically active metabolites after oral administration, and then exert laxative effects. Further studies have shown that 99% of the mammalian GI flora are anaerobic bacteria, some of which, such as Clostridium sphenoides, have β-glucosidase activity, and when incubated with sennosides, the amount of sennoside A decreases with bacterial growth, while the amount of anthraquinone 8-glucosyl rhubarbate increases, peaking at 12 hours. The amount of sennoside A was found to decrease with bacterial growth, while the amount of 8-glucose anthranthrone rhodizonate increased, peaked at 12 h, and then decreased rapidly to produce a molar concentration of sennoside A. Thus, the dimer of anthraquinone glucoside, sennoside, was cleaved to the monomer 8-glucose anthranthrone rhodizonate by reductase, which was hydrolyzed by β-glucosidase to anthrone rhodizonate and continued to be oxidized to sennoside. These metabolites directly stimulate the local or submucosal plexus of the large intestine to enhance peristalsis and inhibit water absorption by inhibiting Na+ and K+-ATPase (45% increase from normal), resulting in a volumetric laxative effect. Another way of the laxative effect of rhubarb is that sennosides are absorbed from the small intestine and converted into glucosides by the liver, then stimulate the pelvic plexus to cause peristalsis in the large intestine and cause diarrhea, while part of it is transported to the large intestine with the blood as prototype or glucosides to stimulate the submucosal plexus and deeper muscular plexus, or Auerbach's plexus to cause hyperactive intestinal movement and cause diarrhea.



(2) Choleretic effect. The administration of rhubarb decoction to the duodenum of anesthetized dogs increased bile secretion and decreased the tone of the sphincter of Oddi. In anesthetized rats, rhubarb decoction or hydroalcoholic extract was given to the duodenum, and the secretion of bile and pancreatic juice increased within 30 minutes, while the activity of pancreatic amylase decreased. In human, the gallbladder was significantly enlarged (measured by ultrasound) after taking 15g of rhubarb decoction. This is consistent with the results of animal experiments.

(3) Hepatoprotective effect. Rhubarb has a significant protective effect on experimental liver injury. In mice with liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride, SGPT increased to 616.0U/100ml, compared with 289U/100ml in the normal control group, and after treatment with rhubarb, SGPT could be reduced to 325.3U/100ml, and the degree of hepatocyte necrosis and degeneration was also lighter than that of the control group. Further study revealed that rhubarb significantly reversed CTC-induced fatty infiltration and fibrosis in liver tissue, microsomal swelling, significant decrease in cristae, and disruption of ribosome shedding in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, it also restored the diminished monoamine oxygenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities induced by CTC. This indicates that rhubarb does have preventive and therapeutic effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. In vitro experiments have shown that rhubarb decoction has a significant inhibitory effect on hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg), which is weakened or disappeared after the removal of tannin, and it has also been proved that the intentional quinones and rhodopsin in rhubarb have no inhibitory effect on HBsAg.

(4) Anti-gastric and duodenal ulcers. It was observed that the administration of raw rhubarb, rhubarb in wine and rhubarb charcoal could prevent and treat the bleeding of stress gastric ulcer in two experimental gastric ulcer models, namely, stress and pylorus ligation in rats. The administration of raw rhubarb powder suspension to rats with pylorus-ligated gastric ulcer reduced the ulcer area and decreased the amount of gastric juice, free acid of gastric juice and pepsin activity, but rhubarb stewed in wine had no such effect. Experiments using a model of gastric mucosal damage caused by ethanol showed that rhubarb decoction 1g/kg, 0.5g/kg and 0.25g/kg all had a significant protective effect on gastric mucosa, and also increased the content of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the gastric wall to prevent damage to gastric mucosa by ethanol.

(5) Effects on smooth muscle of intestinal tube. Electrophysiological studies have shown that rhubarb has a significant excitatory effect on the electrical activity of the colon, characterized by clustered discharges, significantly faster peak frequency, higher amplitude, and increased contractile activity, and atropine can block the excitatory effect of rhubarb on the colon. Atropine can block the excitatory effect of rhubarb on the colon, prevent the absorption of water in the colon, and accelerate the discharge of soluble matter in the colon to exert its laxative effect. The laxative effect of rhubarb is through M receptors in the intestinal tube.

Action on pathogenic microorganisms.

(1) Antibacterial. The antibacterial spectrum of rhubarb is wide, and the sensitive bacteria include Staphylococcus (white, lemon, golden), Streptococcus haemolyticus (A, B), Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus dysentery, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus coli, Bacillus typhoid and Bacillus paratyphi, Bacillus tuberculosis, Bacillus gonorrhoeae, Bacillus circumcision, Bacillus anthracis, especially Staphylococcus and Bacillus gonorrhoeae are the most sensitive. Among the antibacterial active ingredients, rhubarb acid, rhubarbin and aloe rhubarbin have the strongest antibacterial effect. Rhubarb has an inhibitory effect on intestinal anaerobic bacteria Bacillus fragilis, which can break down the compound bile acid into free bile acid, enhancing the irritation of the mucous membrane and causing cholecystitis. The mechanism of antibacterial action is mainly the inhibition of bacterial cell nucleic acid and protein synthesis and sugar metabolism.

(2) Anti-fungal. Rhubarb decoction and aqueous, alcoholic and etheric extracts have inhibitory effects on some pathogenic fungi in vitro. It has a high sensitivity to ringworm and its Mongolian variant, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton corneum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton flocculentum, Trichophyton interdigitalis and so on. The effect of dilute alcohol leaching solution is stronger than that of water or ether leaching solution.

(3) Anti-viral. Rhubarb decoction has a strong inhibitory effect on influenza virus. In addition, it has certain inhibitory effect on Amoeba lysis, Trichomonas mansoni, Trichomonas vaginalis, etc. The decoction of rhubarb has strong inhibitory effect on influenza virus, the minimum effective amount of which is 5mg per embryo as determined by chicken embryo semi-in vivo screening.

Antitumor effect.

Rhubarb acid and rhubarbin have strong inhibitory effect on melanoma in mice by intraperitoneal injection, and rhubarb acid also has inhibitory effect on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, but has no obvious effect on sarcoma S180 and Ehrlich carcinoma subcutaneous type, rhubarbin also has inhibitory effect on breast cancer, its mechanism of action is mainly to inhibit the oxidation and dehydrogenation of cancer cells. Rhubarb acid also has an inhibitory effect on the enzymolysis of cancer cells.

Anti-inflammatory effect.

Rhubarb has a significant inhibitory effect on experimental inflammation in a variety of animals. Gavage of rhubarb decoction in mice significantly inhibited the acute exudative inflammation in the ear of mice caused by croton oil. It also inhibited formaldehyde and egg white swelling of foot metatarsals in rats, and the proliferation of cotton ball granulomas in mice and rats. However, the effects of wine stewed rhubarb and rhubarb charcoal were weaker, probably due to the loss of active ingredients by wine stewing and the destruction of active ingredients by rhubarb charcoal. The anti-inflammatory effect of rhubarb may be due to the blockage of the cyclooxygenase channel in the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, which increases the production of hydroxylated arachidonic acid and activates the lipase pathway to achieve the anti-inflammatory effect. Experimental studies have shown that the anti-inflammatory effect of rhubarb is not through the pituitary-adrenergic system, because the removal of adrenal glands does not affect its anti-inflammatory effect, and does not reduce the content of ascorbic acid in adrenal glands while resisting inflammation. Therefore, rhubarb has no adrenocorticotropic hormone-like effect.



Effect on microcirculation.

After gavage of rhubarb alcoholic extract in mice, the microcirculation (arterial and venous diameters) of the olecranon was not significantly affected, but the blood flow was slowed down and granular red cell aggregates appeared, especially in the microvein. The effect of rhubarb on microcirculation is mainly the slowing down of blood flow, the aggregation of red blood cells, the increase of local blood viscosity and the non-dilation of local blood vessels, thus strengthening the local hemostatic process.

Hemostatic effect.

Rhubarb has a long history of being used to stop bleeding, especially in recent years it has been found to be effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding. Various animal experiments have demonstrated that rhubarb can significantly shorten the bleeding and clotting time, and its effective components for hemostasis are rhubarb phenol, rhubarbin methyl ether, α-catechin and gallic acid. They reduce vascular permeability, improve fragility, excite local blood vessels in the gastrointestinal tract, inhibit pepsin activity, significantly increase fibrinogen activity, reduce anticoagulant factor III activity, increase α2-macroglobulin content, and competitively inhibit fibrin and fibrinogen activator activity. Gallic acid may also reduce fibrinolytic activity. In addition, it can increase the adhesion and aggregation ability of platelets, resulting in a significant reduction in bleeding and clotting time.

Hypolipidemic effect.

For experimental hypercholesterolemia, rhubarb alcohol or aqueous extract can significantly reduce total serum cholesterol, but petroleum ether extract is not effective.

Diuretic effect.

Rabbits instilled with rhubarbin and rhubarb acid 30mg/kg, after 2-4 hours, the urine volume, sodium and potassium excretion reached the highest peak, which was significantly increased than the control warp. The effects of Aloe vera rhodopsin and rhubarbol were weaker. There was a strong competitive inhibitory effect of rhodopsin, rhodolic acid and aloe rhodopsin on free renal medullary Na+, K+-ATPase.

Effect on urea nitrogen.

In a model of chronic renal insufficiency caused by feeding rats with 0.75% adenohum III diet, intraperitoneal injection of saline solution of aqueous extract of yahwang significantly reduced the amount of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, indicating that rhubarb has a good effect on azotemia. The mechanism of action is that on the one hand, rhubarb can reduce the amino nitrogen absorbed from the intestine, and on the other hand, rhubarb can inhibit the breakdown of somatic proteins, thus reducing the amount of urea nitrogen and creatinine in the blood. In a model of acute toxic nephritis in guinea pigs caused by subcutaneous injection of mercury dichloride, the infusion of rhubarb in water can reduce urea nitrogen.

Medicinal value of rhubarb

Stagnant constipation. This product has strong laxative effect, can cleanse the stomach and intestines, pushing the old to the new, for the treatment of stagnant constipation of the important medicine. And because of its bitter cold sinking, good at draining heat, so the actual heat constipation is particularly suitable. It is often combined with mannitol, thick park, hedgehog, to enhance the laxative power of attacking the accumulation, as an urgent agent, used to treat Yangming internal organs, such as the large Cheng Qi Tang ("Treatise on Typhoid"); if the dosage of rhubarb is lighter, with sesame seeds, almonds, honey and other laxatives, the laxative force is moderate and, such as hemp seeds Ren Wan ("Treatise on Typhoid"). If the internal heat knot and deficiency of qi, when combined with deficiency medicine, to attack and supplement both, the symptoms and the root. In case of heat knot and deficiency of qi and blood, it should be combined with ginseng, angelica, etc., such as Huang Long Tang (Six Books on Typhoid Fever); in case of heat knot and injury of fluid, it should be combined with maitong, shengdi, xuangshen, etc., such as Zengliang Chengqi Tang (Wenzhi Zhuanzhi Zhuanzhi); in case of deficiency of spleen yang and constipation due to cold accumulation, it should be combined with fenugreek and dry ginger, such as Wenzhi Tang (Qianjin Fang).

Blood-heat epistaxis, red eyes and swollen throat. This product is bitter and descending, which can make the fire of inflammation go down, and has the function of clearing heat and diarrhea, cooling blood and stopping bleeding. It is often used together with Huang Lian and Scutellaria to treat blood-heat delusions such as vomiting, epistaxis and hemoptysis, as in Diarrhea of the Heart Soup (Jin Kui Yao). In modern clinical practice, rhubarb powder alone is used to treat upper gastrointestinal bleeding with good efficacy. If used together with Scutellaria baicalensis and Gardenia jasminoides, it can also treat red eyes, sore throat, swollen and painful gums caused by fire, such as Cool Diaphragm San (He Dao Bao Fang Fang).

Heat poisonous sores and burns. This product can be taken internally and used externally. It can clear heat and detoxify the toxin internally, and by its laxative and laxative effect, it can make the heat and toxin go down. For the treatment of febrile carbuncles and furuncles, it is often used together with honeysuckle, dandelion and forsythia; for the treatment of intestinal carbuncles and abdominal pain, it can be used together with peony bark, peach kernel and mannite, such as rhubarb and peony soup (Jin Kao Yao). It can be used externally to remove fire and toxins, cool the blood and subdue swelling, and treat heat poisonous carbuncles and boils. For treating burns, the powder can be used alone, or with ground elm powder and applied to the affected area with sesame oil.

Blood stasis evidence. This product has good effect of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis to clear menstruation, it can both lower blood stasis and clear heat stasis, so it is a common medicine for treating blood stasis. For the treatment of postpartum stasis and abdominal pain and incomplete dew, it is often used in combination with peach kernel and earthworm, as in the following Blood Stasis Soup (Jin Kui Yao); for the treatment of stasis and menorrhagia in women, it can be used in combination with peach kernel and cinnamon branch, as in Peach Kernel Cheng Qi Tang (Treatise on Typhoid); for the treatment of bruises and injuries, blood stasis and swelling and pain, it is often used in combination with angelica, safflower and panax quinquefolius, as in Fuyuan Wuhe Tang (Medical Invention).

Damp-heat dysentery, jaundice, gonorrhea. This product has the function of diarrhea and relaxation of the bowels, leading damp-heat to go out, so it can be used to treat the evidence of damp-heat accumulation. For example, for treating dysentery with damp-heat stagnation in the intestinal tract, a single flavor of rhubarb can be effective (Su Wen Ji Qi Yi Bao Sheng Ji), or used together with Huang Lian, Huang Qin and Bai Shao; for treating damp-heat jaundice, it is often combined with Yin Chen and Gardenia, such as Yin Chen Artemisia Tang (Treatise on Typhoid); for treating damp-heat gonorrhea, it is often combined with Mu Tong, Che Qian Zi and Gardenia, such as Bazheng San (He Bu Fang Bureau Fang).
 

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